Beyond Post-Communication
Challenging Disinformation, Deception, and Manipulation
Summary
Excerpt
Table Of Contents
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the author
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Post-Truth and Distrust in a Sea of Information
- A Perfect Storm Scenario
- The Framework and Context of This Analysis
- Methodology and Sources
- PART 1 Democratic Decline, Deficit, Destabilization
- 1. Brexit, Trump, ‘Hung Parliaments’, and the Collapse of Public Trust
- Truth Decay
- Fake News, Alternative Facts, Misinformation, and Disinformation
- Partisanship and Polarization
- The Crisis of Trust
- Particularized Trust
- Generalized/Social Trust
- Political Trust
- What’s the Problem with Distrust?
- The Role of Communication in Trust
- Engagement and Disengagement
- What’s the Problem with Disengagement?
- The Collapse of Civility
- Lack of Listening
- 2. Post-Truth, Post-Democracy … Post-Politics, Post-Capitalism, Post-Society?
- Post-Truth
- What Is Truth?
- Post-Democracy
- The End of Democracy?
- The Relocation of Democracy
- Post-Media
- Post-Journalism
- Post-Representation
- Post-Politics
- Post-Capitalism
- Post-Society
- Living in the Age of Post-Everything
- 3. Post-Communication
- What Is Post-Communication?
- The Growing Pervasiveness of Post-Communication
- Spin
- Merchants of Doubt
- Toxic Sludge Is Good for You
- Citizens for a Free Kuwait
- Weapons of Mass Destruction
- ‘Black PR’
- Advertorial and Pay-to-Play
- Native Advertising
- Merged Media
- Greenwashing
- Behavioural Insights—A Tool for Good or Evil
- Bell Pottinger
- Astroturfing
- Covering Up Corporate Corruption
- Communication “Tricks” of Public Companies
- “Washington’s Worst Communicator”
- Churnalism
- Yellow Journalism—Muckraking, Sensationalism and Fabrication
- Partisan Journalism
- Targeting and Micro-Targeting
- The Marketization and Politicization of Government Communication
- Social Media Influencers
- Fake Accounts and Trolls
- Weaponizing Social Media
- Bald-Faced Lies in Advertising
- Spin, Clickbait, Fabrication, Disinformation—The Escalation to Post-Truth
- 4. Technologies Turbocharging Post-Communication
- Social Media—The New Media Monopolies
- Big Data
- Data Analytics
- Cambridge Analytica and Co.
- Automation
- Algorithms
- Bots
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Deepfakes and Fake Text—Next Gen Disinformation
- A Perfect Datastorm Brews
- PART 2 Rehabilitating Public Communication & the Public Sphere
- 5. Strategies for a Communicative Society
- Strategy 1: Self-Regulation by Communication Professionals—Reining in Spin
- Journalism Futures—Beyond Opinion, Partisanship and PRization
- Remodelling Public Relations
- Incorporating Corporate Communication
- Transparency in Corporate and Owned Media
- Advertising and Marketing Standards and Codes
- Government Communication beyond Marketing
- Political Communication to Address the Relocation of Democracy
- Strategy 2: Responsibility and Transparency by Publishers and Platforms
- Human Rights and Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence
- Technology as a Guardian of Technology?
- International Cooperation—Globalization for Good
- Strategy 3: Media Literacy for Consumption and Production
- Overcoming Dunning-Kruger and Third Person Effects
- Inoculation through Media Literacy for Critical Consumption
- Media Literacy for Production—Beyond Likes and Follows to Tagging and Snoping
- Refuting Misinformation and Disinformation
- Obfuscating as a Way to Sabotage Surveillance
- Strategy 4: Public Media to Protect the Public Interest
- The Case for Public Funding of Broadcasting
- Philanthropic Guardians of Democracy
- Media Development
- Strategy 5: Activism and Social Movements
- The Arab Spring
- Occupy
- The Umbrella Movement
- Climate Change Mobilization
- Anti-Gun Lobby
- MySociety
- LGBTQI+
- #MeToo
- Black Lives Matter
- Fixers—Fixing Themselves
- Alt-Right
- Shareholder Activism
- Strategy 6: Corporate Responsibility and Social Purpose in Business
- CSR—Responsibility, or Turning Pigs’ Ears into Silk Purses
- Purpose
- Responsibility of CEOs—Where the Buck Stops
- The Rise of CCOs—The Case for Communication Leadership
- Strategy 7: Research and Analysis
- The Social Construction of New Realities
- A New Vision and Narrative
- Strategy 8: Refuting and Resisting
- The Empire Strikes Back
- Strategy 9: Self-Responsibility—It’s Up to You and Me
- Check Up, Speak Up, Act Up
- Strategy 10: Regulation and Legislation
- Advertising and Marketing Regulation and Legislation
- Public Relations—Uncharted Territory
- Data Protection and Privacy
- Regulation of Social Media Platforms
- Algorithmic Accountability
- Anti-Trust Action—The Big Stick
- Freedom of Speech and of Media
- The Need for Balance
- Carrots and Sticks
- 6. Conclusions
- Complicity
- A Troubling Technology Track Record
- A Tipping Point
- 10 Strategies to Address Post-Communication
- Our Shared Responsibilities—An Action List
- Bibliography
- Index
This book is part of the Peter Lang Media and Communication list.
Every volume is peer reviewed and meets
the highest quality standards for content and production.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Macnamara, Jim, author.
Title: Beyond post-communication: challenging disinformation, deception,
and manipulation / Jim Macnamara.
Description: New York: Peter Lang, 2020.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020001256 (print) | LCCN 2020001257 (ebook)
ISBN 978-1-4331-6919-9 (hardback: alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-4331-6920-5 (paperback: alk. paper) | ISBN 978-1-4331-6921-2 (ebook pdf)
ISBN 978-1-4331-6922-9 (epub) | ISBN 978-1-4331-6923-6 (mobi)
Subjects: LCSH: Communication in politics—United States. |
Communication—Moral and ethical aspects—United States. |
Disinformation—Political aspects—United States. | Public relations and
politics—United States. | Information society—Political aspects—United States.
Classification: LCC JA85.M33 2020 (print) | LCC JA85 (ebook)
DDC 320.97301/4—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001256
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001257
DOI 10.3726/b15614
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the “Deutsche
Nationalbibliografie”; detailed bibliographic data are available
on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de/.
© 2020 Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York
29 Broadway, 18th floor, New York, NY 10006
All rights reserved.
Reprint or reproduction, even partially, in all forms such as microfilm,
xerography, microfiche, microcard, and offset strictly prohibited.
About the author
Jim Macnamara, PhD is a Distinguished Professor in the School of Communication at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) and a leading researcher in evaluation of public communication by governments and corporations through traditional and digital media.
About the book
“In Beyond Post-Communication, Jim Macnamara skilfully dissects the critical role that communication plays in the maintenance of trust, as well as the extent to which it has been abused in an era of spin, fake news, weaponized social media, and post-truth. With the skilled eye of an experienced practitioner, Macnamara not only lays out the problems, but also outlines solutions, from ethical practice and social responsibility to regulation and media activism.”
—Terry Flew, Professor, Queensland University of Technology; President,
International Communication Association (2019–2020)
“Jim Macnamara provides a detailed overview of the complex factors that play into a ‘post-communication’ world. He delivers a comprehensive picture of the scale of the difficulties we face. In response to these challenges, he offers a programme of strategies that all those involved in public communication can engage with and a positive contribution to debate about contemporary public communication that will be of value to scholars and practitioners alike.”
—Lee Edwards, Associate Professor, London School of
Economics and Political Science
While many analyses have examined disinformation in recent election campaigns, misuse of ‘big data’ such as the Cambridge Analytica scandal, and manipulation by bots and algorithms, most have blamed a few bad actors. This incisive analysis presents evidence of deeper and broader corruption of the public sphere, which the author refers to as post-communication. With extensive evidence, Jim Macnamara argues that we are all responsible for the slide towards a post-truth society. This analysis looks beyond high profile individuals such as Donald Trump, Russian trolls, and even ‘Big Tech’ to argue that the professionalized communication industries of advertising, PR, political and government communication, and journalism, driven by clickbait and aided by a lack of critical media literacy, have systematically contributed to disinformation, deception, and manipulation. When combined with powerful new communication technologies, artificial intelligence, and lack of regulation, this has led to a ‘perfect data storm’. Accordingly, Macnamara proposes that there is no single solution. Rather, he identifies a range of strategies for communication professionals, industry associations, media organizations and platforms, educators, legislators, regulators, and citizens to challenge post-communication and post-truth.
This eBook can be cited
This edition of the eBook can be cited. To enable this we have marked the start and end of a page. In cases where a word straddles a page break, the marker is placed inside the word at exactly the same position as in the physical book. This means that occasionally a word might be bifurcated by this marker.
Contents
Post-Truth and Distrust in a Sea of Information
The Framework and Context of This Analysis
PART 1 Democratic Decline, Deficit, Destabilization
1 Brexit, Trump, ‘Hung Parliaments’, and the Collapse of Public Trust
Fake News, Alternative Facts, Misinformation, and Disinformation
What’s the Problem with Distrust?
The Role of Communication in Trust
What’s the Problem with Disengagement?
2 Post-Truth, Post-Democracy … Post-Politics, Post-Capitalism, Post-Society?
Living in the Age of Post-Everything
The Growing Pervasiveness of Post-Communication
Behavioural Insights—A Tool for Good or Evil
Covering up Corporate Corruption
Communication “Tricks” of Public Companies
“Washington’s Worst Communicator”
Yellow Journalism—Muckraking, Sensationalism and Fabrication
The Marketization and Politicization of Government Communication
Bald-Faced Lies in Advertising
Spin, Clickbait, Fabrication, Disinformation—The Escalation to Post-Truth
4 Technologies Turbocharging Post-Communication
Social Media—The New Media Monopolies
Deepfakes and Fake Text—Next Gen Disinformation
PART 2 Rehabilitating Public Communication & the Public Sphere
5 Strategies for a Communicative Society
Strategy 1: Self-Regulation by Communication Professionals—Reining in Spin
Journalism Futures—Beyond Opinion, Partisanship and PRization
Incorporating Corporate Communication
Transparency in Corporate and Owned Media
Advertising and Marketing Standards and Codes
Government Communication beyond Marketing
Political Communication to Address the Relocation of Democracy
Strategy 2: Responsibility and Transparency by Publishers and Platforms
Human Rights and Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence
Technology as a Guardian of Technology?
International Cooperation—Globalization for Good
Strategy 3: Media Literacy for Consumption and Production
Overcoming Dunning-Kruger and Third Person Effects
Inoculation through Media Literacy for Critical Consumption
Media Literacy for Production—Beyond Likes and Follows to Tagging and Snoping
Details
- Pages
- XVI, 302
- Publication Year
- 2020
- ISBN (PDF)
- 9781433169212
- ISBN (ePUB)
- 9781433169229
- ISBN (MOBI)
- 9781433169236
- ISBN (Softcover)
- 9781433169205
- ISBN (Hardcover)
- 9781433169199
- DOI
- 10.3726/b15614
- Language
- English
- Publication date
- 2020 (August)
- Published
- New York, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Oxford, Wien, 2020. XVI, 302 pp., 3. b/w ill., 3. tables.