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The “Trouble” with School Behavior and Discipline Policies in Neoliberal Times

by Janean Robinson (Author)
©2025 Textbook XII, 132 Pages
Series: Counterpoints, Volume 556

Summary

Neoliberalism, after decades of reform, continues to steer educational policies around the world. As private enterprise encroaches public education, schools are held accountable, tangled up in an internationally competitive culture of achieving benchmarks that meet technically managed standards. Not only is it academic performance that is audited but also codes of behavioral conduct.
As behaviour remains one of the most dominant discourses of schooling, it is discipline policies that are critiqued in this book, framed by tracing genealogical, historical, and political patterns of discipline practices in schooling from 16th century Europe through to 21st century Australia. Two in-depth, ethnographic case studies conducted in Western Australia (when the author was both teacher and researcher), are shared as theoretical tools to provide insights into how behavior management and discipline policies are enacted within the field of institutional secondary schooling.
As an alternative to the "Neoliberal" School, it is instead the voices, interpretations, and experiences of young people themselves, together with the voice of the author as narrator and theory-maker that speak back to neoliberal behaviour and discipline policies. These voices provide hope and a vision to reimagine educational narratives and pedagogical directions that are more inclusive, democratic and sustainable into the future.

Table Of Contents


Acknowledgments

When I reflect on who I wish to thank for assisting me in creating this book, I return to those memories of adults who taught me the values of social justice, respect for others, fairness and accommodating difference. These were the teachers who took the time to understand the child, even when the child was either too restless or too still.

These were also the teachers that engaged and motivated me in my journey as secondary school teacher and later as academic and research scholar. Significant mentors and role models in this journey include John Smyth, Peter McInerney and Robert Hattam, whose dedication to social justice advocacy and activism in school and community renewal have not only been inspirational but have also shown that change is indeed possible during neoliberal times. These are the wise “elders” of my journey. The “young(er)” gurus who have connected us all and continued to show me the way have included Stewart Riddle and Andrew Hickey, whose dedication to reclaiming the relational and continual drive for democracy provide hope for education into the future.

The School Exclusions Policy and Practice research team, Education Futures, University South Australia, have provided essential support to continue researching within the educational field of school behavior and discipline. I thank Jamie Manolev for recommending contemplating writing a book all that time ago, and I thank Anna Sullivan for leading and keeping our team “on task” toward completion of this important project that I know will have national and international impact.

I also wish to acknowledge teaching colleagues and those students I interviewed from both case study schools who provided the stories to bring their own understandings, experiences, insights and versions of school managerial reform and discipline policy enactments; from the classrooms, into the world, for others to be informed. I am confident that these voices will resonate and linger in shaking things up for a long while.

Barry Down has been my greatest mentor of all time. He has been patient, professional and encouraging since the very first tutorial of his I attended in 1995. I was not keen to participate in the compulsory units required for completing the degree that I had delayed and ignored, because in the past, I could find no relevance. I was not interested in history, politics, and critical social theory; and yet these components of that course, and the scholarly and academic journey that Barry continued to mentor, have formed the solid and secure framework of this very book!

Shirley Steinberg has been the radical “big sister” and wise scholar I always wanted in my life and “thank you forever,” Barry, for introducing us. Also, thanks to both Barry and Shirley, I now have supportive critical scholars, friends, and families from afar that I continue to be inspired by after meeting them at the 10th Annual Freire Project congress in Bilbao, Spain in 2018.

Barry and the team from Education Futures, University of South Australia also introduced me to my copyeditor, Kate Leeson. I want to sit down and have an appreciative conversation with my new “best friend,” Kate, in person, to express my absolute gratitude. I am in awe of her graceful, intuitive, and thorough feedback and expertise.

I would like to thank Alison Jefferson, Joshua Charles and Naviya Palani, editors from Peter Lang Publishers for navigating my manuscript toward final production and of course I am deep in appreciation of Shirley Steinberg, Series Editor, for providing this amazing opportunity to have my work “out there” [keeping] “my inner world awake” (C. W. Mills, 1959, p. 217).

Finally, I acknowledge my dear family and friends who have continued to encourage me to finish the chapters contained within this book over the duration of half my lifetime. I am indebted to you all for your support to have it completed before my 70th birthday party!

· 1 ·
Troubling School Behavior and Discipline Policies: Critical Moments, and “just” Research

Introduction

This book is animated by the question: why have school behavior and discipline policies become so troubling? As Connell (2013) argues, “in the last few decades, education systems all over the world have been impacted by the rise of neoliberal ideology and practices of government” (p. 99).

In this introductory chapter, I begin to address this question by sharing some personal reflections and critical moments in my professional career as a teacher and researcher. As Giroux (2012) argues, “when institutions of public and higher education have become associated with market competition, conformity, disempowerment, and uncompromising modes of punishment” then it is time to make known “the significant contributions and legacy of Paulo Freire’s work” (Giroux, 2012, p. 123). Freire (1992) explains significant critiques are tied to our stories and “what stories we choose to tell, and the way in which we decide to tell them […] form the provisional basis of what a critical pedagogy of the future might mean” (p. xii). I have selected four of these narratives due to their significance in my teaching and life journey leading to this book. These narratives, which are not presented in chronological order, are titled “Being Awakened,” “Finding Critical Friends,” “Creating ‘Trouble,’” and “The Personal Becomes Political.”

I want this book to be activist in nature, and I declare upfront my scholarly position in this opening chapter. I want to be very clear that I am not neutral, but always positioned as political, both within my research writing and within my practice. This is consistent with my understanding of Freire’s legacy. What I continue to learn from Freire is to have the courage to challenge the status quo. In his book, Pedagogy of the oppressed, Freire (1970/2005) describes the importance of a critical perception of the world: “which implies a correct method of approaching reality in order to unveil it. And critical perception cannot be imposed. Thus, from the very beginning, thematic investigation is expressed as an educational pursuit, as cultural action” (p. 111).

The third section of this chapter explains why school behavior and discipline policies are “troubling” and becomes the focus of critique. I draw on the tradition of critical theory to do this work of interrogating “the trouble,” and many contradictions of school discipline. I use theory to help me both unsettle commonsense orthodoxies and search for alternative ways of understanding school discipline. In this manner, the book forms a provisional basis of a critical pedagogy for not only Australian schooling, but for many other schools throughout the world in education systems whose public policies impact in non-democratic and damaging ways on their contemporary and future cultures and societies.

Details

Pages
XII, 132
Publication Year
2025
ISBN (PDF)
9781636673301
ISBN (ePUB)
9781636673318
ISBN (Softcover)
9781636673295
ISBN (Hardcover)
9781636673325
DOI
10.3726/b22338
Language
English
Publication date
2024 (December)
Keywords
Behavior and Discipline Policies in Secondary Schools Student Voice Youth Narratives Critical Ethnography Social Justice Neoliberalism and Education The “Trouble” with School Behavior and Discipline Policies in Neoliberal Times Janean Robinson
Published
New York, Berlin, Bruxelles, Chennai, Lausanne, Oxford, 2025. XII, 132 pp., 1 b/w ill.
Product Safety
Peter Lang Group AG

Biographical notes

Janean Robinson (Author)

Janean Robinson PhD, is an Adjunct Research Fellow with the University of South Australia and member of the Centre for Research in Educational and Social Inclusion (CRESI). Prior to this, Janean was lecturer, tutor, and researcher at Murdoch University (2007-2022) and secondary school teacher in government schools throughout Western Australia (1978-2006). Janean was Assistant to the Editors (Steinberg & Down) of The SAGE Handbook of Critical Pedagogies (2020) and lead author with Barry Down and John Smyth of the chapter Student voices ‘echo’ from the ethnographic field in the edited collection; Leaving the field: Methodological insights from ethnographic exits (Smith & Delamont, 2023). Janean has always advocated for social justice and her activist research work is centred on sharing the narrative voices of teachers and students. These voices are too often silenced; her research provides precious spaces and places for those voices to "speak back" to the reforms in education policy and practices that marginalize them. Janean is not only passionate about education but also in protecting the natural environments upon which all living things depend.

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Title: The “Trouble” with School Behavior and Discipline Policies in Neoliberal Times