Beyond submission

Table Of Contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• About the author
• About the book
• This eBook can be cited
• Abstract
• Table of Contents
• Foreword
• 1. The sources of the Qur’an
• 1.1 The Qur’an in its historical context
• Muhammad and the Qur’an
• The literary character of the Qur’an
• Christian and Jewish influences
• A realistic view of the origin of the Qur’an
• The question of the sources of the Qur’an
• 1.2 Jewish Christian traces
• Indications of Jewish Christian influences
• The Seal of the Prophets and the sending of an angel
• The accusation of the falsification of the scriptures
• Identifiable sources
• The relevance of the question of Jewish Christian influences
• 1.3 Manichaean elements
• Manichaeism in the context of the emerging Islam
• Manichaean textual references in the Qur’an
• Convergence and divergence in content
• 1.4 Further influences on the Qur’an and emerging Islam
• The unity of politics and religion in the Byzantine Empire
• Theological divisions within Christianity
• Theological analogies between Islam and Nestorianism
• Influences of ancient Roman legal thought
• 1.5 The specific Islamic accent
• Traditional judgments of Christian theologians on the Qur’an
• The combination of poetry and a sense of superiority
• The specifically Islamic theological emphasis
• 2. Anti-Judaism in the Qur’an?
• 2.1 The seriousness of the question
• Two current examples
• An illustrative Qur’anic verse
• The transformation of biblical content in the Qur’an
• Statements in the Qur’an on the plurality of religions
• 2.2 Abraham and Moses in the Qur’an
• From the biblical Abraham to the prototype of the pious Muslim
• Moses–from biblical lawgiver to Qur’anic accuser of the Jews
• 2.3 Phases in the relationships with the Jews
• 2.4 Questions concerning Qur’anic Anti-Judaism
• Inner-Islamic approaches
• An example of a Jewish voice on the Qur’an
• A commission from a Christian perspective
• 3. Jesus in the Qur’an
• 3.1 Sources of the Qur’anic image of Jesus
• The recourse to apocryphal sources
• Theological voluntarism in the apocryphal sources
• 3.2 Basic features of the Qur’anic perception of Jesus
• Representations of Jesus
• The defense speech of the infant Jesus in Sura 19
• Jesus as a prefiguration of Muhammad and a prophetic model
• The rejection of the crucifixion of Jesus
• The recourse to Docetism
• Jesus as the eschatological accuser of the Christians
• 3.3 Qur’anic argumentation against the divinity of Jesus
• Argumentation patterns
• The title “Son of God”
• 3.4 Jesus in current Muslim-Christian thinking
• The approach of Comparative Theology
• The Comparative Approach and the Qur’anic question about Jesus
• Questions on the Comparative Approach
• 3.5 A Deeper Understanding of Jesus
• The challenge of cultural diversity
• The tradition of Israel as corrective
• The rediscovered unification of divine and human free will in Jesus
• 4. Franz Rosenzweig and Joseph Ratzinger on Islam
• 4.1 Islam as an overall phenomenon
• 4.2 Franz Rosenzweig’s view on Islam
• Biographical context
• Natural paganism in the form of revelation
• The absence of “inner conversion”
• The oriental despot
• Parallels to an Inner-Islamic reform movement
• Redemption and revelation
• A different realm of religious knowledge
• Conclusions from Rosenzweig’s insights
• 4.3 The Regensburg lecture of Pope Benedict XVI
• Context of the speech
• The vastness of reason
• Deepening our knowledge of God
• Obstacles to understanding
• 4.4 Summary and outlook
• Bibliography