Methods of Terrorism Financing

Table Of Contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• About the author
• About the book
• This eBook can be cited
• Abstract
• Foreword
• Table of Contents
• I. Bibliography
• II. Internet sources
• III. List of abbreviations and acronyms
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The state of research and research gaps
• 2.1 Definition of terrorism financing
• 2.1.1 Selected aspects of criminal law
• 2.1.1.1 Art. 260quinquies CH-​StGB
• 2.1.1.2 The facts of the case
• 2.1.1.3 Contingent intent and negligence
• 2.1.1.4 Exculpation according to Art. 260quinquies (3) and (4) CH-​StGB
• 2.1.3 Delimitation
• 2.1.4 The level of penalties
• 2.1.5 The Anti-​Money Laundering Act
• 2.1.6 Conclusions
• 2.2 Literature
• 2.2.1 Sources of revenue
• 2.2.2 Capital transfer
• 2.2.3. Organizations combating the financing of terrorism
• 2.2.4 Measures to combat the financing of terrorism
• 2.3 Research gap, research questions and research objective
• 3. Empirical investigation
• 3.1 Research methodology
• 3.1.1 Preliminary study
• 3.1.2 Main study
• 3.1.3 Criminal procedural issues
• 3.2 Empirical results
• 3.2.1 Preliminary study
• 3.2.2 Main study
• 3.2.3 Executive summary
• 3.2.4 Documentary citations
• 4. Discussion of the empirical results
• 4.1 General statements
• 4.1.1 Capital transfer
• 4.1.2 Sources of revenue
• 4.1.3 Perpetrators
• 4.1.4 Investigating authorities
• 4.1.5 Measures required
• 4.2 Sources of revenue
• 4.2.1 Legal sources of revenue
• 4.2.2 Illegal sources of income
• 4.3 Capital transfer
• 4.3.1 Banking system
• 4.3.1.1 Banking system –​ general suitability
• 4.3.1.2 Banking system –​ concrete approach
• 4.3.1.3 Banking system –​ detection risks
• 4.3.1.4 Banking system –​ overall assessment
• 4.3.2 Parallel banking systems
• 4.3.2.1 Parallel banking systems –​ general suitability
• 4.3.2.2 Parallel banking systems –​ concrete approach
• 4.3.2.3 Parallel banking systems –​ detection risks
• 4.3.2.4 Parallel banking systems –​ overall assessment
• 4.3.3 Cryptocurrencies
• 4.3.3.1 Cryptocurrencies –​ general suitability
• 4.3.3.2 Cryptocurrencies –​ concrete approach
• 4.3.3.3 Cryptocurrencies –​ detection risks
• 4.3.3.4 Cryptocurrencies –​ overall assessment
• 4.3.4 Money transfer systems
• 4.3.4.1 Money transfer systems –​ general suitability
• 4.3.4.2 Money transfer systems –​ concrete approach
• 4.3.4.3 Money transfer systems –​ detection risks
• 4.3.4.4 Money transfer systems –​ overall assessment
• 4.3.5 Personal transfer
• 4.3.5.1 Personal transfer –​ general suitability
• 4.3.5.2 Personal transfer –​ concrete approach
• 4.3.5.3 Personal transfer –​ risks of detection
• 4.3.5.4 Personal transfer –​ overall assessment
• 4.4 Counter-​terrorism instruments
• 4.4.1 Exchange of information between private parties and public authorities
• 4.4.2 Undercover agents
• 4.4.3 Digital surveillance
• 4.4.4 Administrative and judicial assistance
• 4.4.5 Professional secrets
• 4.5 Pre-​study vs main study
• 4.6 Overall assessment
• 5. Criminal procedural implications of the empirical study
• 5.1 Digital surveillance
• 5.1.1 Switzerland
• 5.1.1.1 Switzerland –​ initial situation
• 5.1.1.2 Switzerland –​ suggestions for legislative measures
• 5.1.1.2.1 Constitutional aspects
• 5.1.1.2.2 The usability of knowledge
• 5.1.1.2.3 Requirements for digital surveillance
• 5.1.1.2.4 Art. 298e CH-​StPO –​ a potential solution?
• 5.1.2 Liechtenstein
• 5.1.3 Austria
• 5.1.4 Germany
• 5.1.4.1 Delimitations and definitions
• 5.1.4.2 BKA Law
• 5.1.4.2.1 § 20k BKA Law
• 5.1.4.2.2. § 49 BKA Law
• 5.1.4.3 Criminal procedural aspects
• 5.1.4.3.1 Delimitations and definitions
• 5.1.4.3.2 Conditions for digital surveillance
• 5.1.4.3.3 Persons concerned
• 5.1.4.3.4 Implementation
• 5.1.4.3.5 Prohibitions on the use of evidence
• 5.1.4.3.6 Constitutional aspects
• 5.1.4.4 Conclusion
• 5.2 Undercover investigation
• 5.2.1 Switzerland
• 5.2.1.1 Switzerland –​ initial situation
• 5.2.1.2 Switzerland –​ suggestions for legislative measures
• 5.2.1.2.1 Extended powers –​ a necessity?
• 5.2.1.2.2 The authorization procedure
• 5.2.1.2.3 Adaptation of Art. 289 CH-​StPO –​ a possible solution?
• 5.2.2 Liechtenstein
• 5.2.3 Austria
• 5.2.4 Germany
• 5.2.4.1 Delimitations, definitions and conditions
• 5.2.4.1.1 Conditions of use
• 5.2.4.1.2 Covert investigators, informants and police officers not openly investigating
• 5.2.4.2 Implementation of the operation
• 5.2.4.2.1 Procedure for the use of undercover agents
• 5.2.4.2.2 Undercover agents and the commission of offences
• 5.2.4.2.3 The undercover investigator as a decoy?
• 5.2.4.2.4 Legal protection
• 5.2.4.3 Constitutional aspects
• 5.2.4.4 Conclusion
• 5.3 Overall assessment of the implications for criminal procedure
• 6. Summary
• 7. Appendix
• Appendix 1: Memory transcripts of the informal interviews
• Appendix 2: Generalizations of the formal interviews
• Appendix 3: Document citations
• Appendix 4: Interview Guide
• Appendix 5: Preliminary Publications