Politics and Slum Upgrading in Kenya

Table Of Contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• About the author
• About the book
• This eBook can be cited
• Table of Contents
• Acknowledgements
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• List of Plates
• Acronyms
• Abstract
• 1.0 Introduction
• 1.1 Problem Statement
• 1.2 Related Literature
• 1.3 Research Questions and Relevance of the Study
• 1.4 Methodological Presentation
• 1.4.1 Justification for the Choice of Case Study Method and the Process of the Survey
• 1.4.2 Methods of Analysis
• 1.4.2.1 Data Collection Methods
• 1.4.2.2 Sampling
• 1.4.3 Limitations of the Study
• 1.5 The Structure of the Text
• 2.0 Theoretical Framework
• 2.1 General Perspectives on the Theoretical Foundation
• 2.2 The North-South Relations in View of Development and Poverty Reduction in the South: Theoretical Controversies
• 2.3 The Evolution of Single Party Dictatorship and Socio-Economic Decay
• 2.4 Environmental Management: The Bane of Cities in the South
• 2.5 Theoretical Frame of Reference and Working Hypotheses
• 3.0 Selected Cases of Successful Slum Improvement Approaches
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Housing Upgrading Credit Financing Specifically for the Poor
• 3.3 Housing Subsidies
• 3.4 Using Land as a Resource
• 3.5 Microfinance Institutions
• 3.6 Public/Private Partnership
• 3.7 Bank/MFI/NGO Partner Model in Financing for Slum Upgrading
• 3.8 Development Credit Enhancement Mechanisms
• 3.9 Test Saving Programs in Slum Upgrading Projects
• 3.10 Income Generating Projects
• 3.11 Community-Driven Projects
• 4.0 The Evolution of Slums in Kenya
• 5.0 Background of the Study Area
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Location
• 5.3 Physiographical Features of Kibera
• 5.4 Climatology of Kibera
• 5.5 Historical Politico-Economic Context of Kibera Relative to Environmental Management and Slum Upgrading
• 5.5.1 Historical Background
• 5.5.2 Politico-Economic Context
• 5.5.3 Sociological Context
• 5.6 Land Use Differentiation in Relation to Slum Upgrading
• 5.7 Roads and other Amenities
• 5.8 Economic and Demographic Profiles of Kibera
• 5.9 Institutional Infrastructure for Environmental Management in Kibera
• 5.10 The Socio-Political Dynamics in the Context of Environmental Management and KENSUP
• 6.0 The Envisaged Kenya Slum Upgrading Program (Kensup)
• 6.1 The Genesis of KENSUP
• 6.2 The KENSUP Strategy
• 6.2.1 Community Organization and Mobilization
• 6.2.1.1 Conflict Prevention and Management
• 6.2.1.2 Preparation of City/Town Development Strategies
• 6.2.1.3 Provision of Tenure and Residential Security
• 6.2.1.4 Provision of Social and Physical Infrastructure
• 6.2.1.5 Development and Promotion of Micro Finance and Credit Systems
• 6.2.1.6 Income Generation Activities
• 6.2.1.7 Shelter Improvement
• 6.2.1.8 Environmental and Waste Management
• 6.2.1.9 Vulnerable Households and Disadvantaged Groups
• 6.2.1.10 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Impact Mitigation
• 6.2.1.11 Capacity Building
• 6.3 The Housing Policy in the Context of Slums
• 6.3.1 Slum Clearance and Forced Migration
• 6.3.2 Slum Clearance and Public Housing
• 6.3.3 Provision of Minimum Services134
• 6.3.4 Extension of Tenure Security and Physical Upgrading
• 6.3.5 Recognition of the Legitimate Role of the Low Income Earners in Urban Development
• 6.4 Policy and Legal Framework
• 6.5 Institutional Framework
• 6.6 The Financing Plan
• 6.7 The Program Implementation Context
• 6.7.1 Political Environment
• 6.7.2 Economic Climate
• 6.7.3 Social Environment
• 6.7.4 Technological Endowment
• 6.7.5 Legal and Regulatory Framework
• 6.7.6 Policy Framework
• 6.8 The Current Status of the Program in Kibera
• 6.9 The Redevelopment Approach in Kibera
• 7.0 Findings and Conclusions
• 7.1 Results of the Empirical Examination of the Hypotheses
• 7.2 Hypotheses about the Poor Economic Environment
• 7.2.1 Limited Financial Resources
• 7.2.2 Low and Irregular Incomes
• 7.2.3 The Slum-Oriented Businesses (Slum-Based Economy)
• 7.3 Hypotheses about the Functioning of the Political System
• 7.4 Hypotheses about Bureaucracy
• 7.5 Hypotheses about Policy and Institutional Weaknesses in the Implementation of KENSUP
• 7.6 Hypothesis about legal Inconsistencies in KENSUP and Environmental Management
• 7.6.1 The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act
• 7.6.2 The Local Government Act Cap. 265
• 7.6.3 The Physical Planning Act Cap. 286
• 7.6.4 The Public Health Act Cap. 242
• 7.7 Hypotheses about the Social System
• 7.7.1 The “Landlords”
• 7.7.2 The Tenants
• 7.7.3 The Transitional Worker
• 7.7.4 The NGOs
• 7.7.5 Youth Unemployment
• 7.7.6 Tribalism
• 7.7.7 Corruption
• 8.0 Recommendations
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Slum-Centric Approach to Planning
• 8.3 Establish a Simple Administrative Structure
• 8.4 The Government to Play Regulatory Function
• 8.5 Security of Tenure
• 8.6 Incentives to Private Investors in Low Income Housing
• 8.7 Encourage CSO Involvement
• 8.8 Pursuit of Multiple Financing Approaches for Housing
• 8.8.1 Capacity Building
• 8.8.2 Credit Enhancement
• 8.8.3 Public-Private Partnership
• 8.8.4 Partnership with NGOs
• 8.8.5 Loans to Individuals
• 8.8.6 Encouragement and Promotion of Small- and Medium Scale Enterprises
• 8.8.7 Encouraging Self-Help Initiatives
• 8.9 Youth Empowerment
• 8.9.1 Neighborhood Security Management
• 8.9.2 Training in Entrepreneurial Skills
• 8.9.3 Waste Management
• 9.0 Concluding Remarks
• Bibliography